Everything about Jos Joaqu N De Arredondo totally explained
José Joaquín de Arredondo (1768 - 1837) was a 19th century
Spanish–
Mexican soldier who served as Chief Civil and Military Commandant of
Texas during the first Texas revolution.
Early life
Joaquín de Arredondo was born in
Barcelona, in 1768 to
Nicolás Antonio de Arredondo y Palegrí and Josefa Roso de Mioño. His father at one time was a Governor of
Cuba and a
Viceroy of Buenos Aires.
Military career
Arredondo entered the Royal Spanish Guards as a cadet in 1787 and was sent for service in
New Spain. In 1810 he was promoted to the rank of
colonel and given the command of the infantry regiment of
Vera Cruz. In 1811 he was made military commandant of
Huasteca and governor of
Nuevo Santander. Arredondo took a proactive role in suppressing
Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla's and criollos revolts in 1812 and 1813. Arredondo was rewarded for his actions by being appointed as commandant of the eastern division of the Provincias Internas.
Texas
On
18 August 1813 after being reinforced, he now had about 1,800 troops; he left for
San Antonio de Bexar and defeated a rebel force under
José Álvarez de Toledo y Dubois in the four-hour long
Battle of Medina. The
Spanish Army completely destroyed the 1,300 man Republican Army of the North. Less than 100 Republican soldiers escaped. The dead had their corpses or parts of their bodies, hung in trees. Or no effort was made to bury the remains of the Republican Army’s dead and the remains lay on the battlefield for nine long years. The approximately 1,300 men killed in the Republican Army exceeded the total number of Texans killed during the entire Texas Revolution twenty-three years later in 1836.
After his victories, Arredondo quickly cleared the Texas province of insurgents and appointed
Cristóbal Domínguez ad interim governor. After completing his assignment in Texas, he returned south to
Monterrey. He subsequently crushed the filibustering expedition of
Francisco Javier Mina by overrunning his defenses at the village of
Soto la Marina in October 1817.
Settlement of Texas
On
January 17,
1821 General Arredondo approved the petition of
Moses Austin to bring three hundred settlers within an area of in Texas. This move helped usher in future waves of settlement of Americans from the United States into northern Mexico.
When Mexico achieved independence from Spain he endorsed the Plan of Iguala and swore allegiance to the Republic of Mexico on
July 3,
1821. Arredondo surrendered his command and went into retirement in
Havana,
Cuba. Arrdondo died in 1837.
Further Information
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